Rinse the red lentils thoroughly under running water until the water runs clear. Drain and set aside.
Heat the vegetable oil in a large saucepan over medium heat. Add the cumin seeds and let them sizzle for a few seconds until fragrant. Add the finely chopped onion and sauté until it turns translucent and lightly golden.
Stir in the minced garlic, grated ginger, and choppedtomatoes. Cook until the tomatoes soften, and the oil starts to separate from the mixture.
Add the turmeric powder, coriander powder, and chili powder. Cook for another minute or until the spices release their aroma. Add the rinsed red lentils and stir to combine with the tomato-spice mixture.
Pour in 4 cups of water and bring the mixture to a boil.Reduce the heat to low, cover the pot, and let it simmer for about 20-25 minutes, or until the lentils are soft and the soup has thickened. Stir occasionally and add more water if needed.
Season with salt and, if desired, a squeeze of lemon juice for extra flavor.
Rinse the rice under cold running water until the water runs clear. Drain well.
In a large saucepan, bring 4 cups of water to a boil.
Add the rinsed rice and a pinch of salt to the boiling water. Stir once, then reduce the heat to low, cover the pot, and let the rice simmer for about 15-20 minutes, or until the rice is tender and the water is absorbed.
Spoon a generous serving of steamed rice (bhat) onto each plate. Ladle the hot lentil soup (dal) over the rice. Garnish with fresh cilantro leaves.